✍️Perfect Past Tense

✍️ Perfect Past Tense  

We use this tense when the action of the sentence is said to be completed in past. Past form of to have i.e. had + V3 (VPP) pattern is used here. Had carries the tense while V3 is perfective aspect. ( क्रिया भूतकाळात पूर्ण झालेली होती.)   e.g. - I had gone to school. ( मी शाळेला गेलेलो होतो.)

👉 Assertive / Statement (Active Voice)

    S + had+ V3 + O/C/A.

Examples :-

Janhavi had written an essay in school.  

Science had found the solution.   

India had struggled in last T20.  

 I had given his pen.

 👉Interrogative/Question

1)Wh. word + had + S + V3 + O/C/A?

2) Had + S + V3 + O/C/A?

Janhavi had written an essay in school.

1)Where had Janhavi written an essay? 

2)Had Janhavi  written an essay in school?

 I had given his pen.

Who had given his pen?

👉 Change the voice

 S + had+ V3 + O/C/A. (Active voice)

O + had + been + V3 + C /A + by S.(Passive voice)

Example :-

Janhavi had written an essay in school.            

- An essay had been written in school by Janhavi.

Science had found the solution.

 - The solution had been found by science.

I had given his pen.                          

- His pen had been given by me.

👉 Negative

( had + not )

  S + had + not + V3 + O/C/A.

Janhavi had not written an essay in school.          Science had not found the solution.                        India had not struggled in last T20.                          I had not given his pen.

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