Modal auxiliary - will / would.

     ✍️ will / would ✍️ 

will / would + V1 (first form of verb)

These auxiliary verbs add the prediction, willingness, intention, insistence etc. to the main verb.

Will

Will expresses the following meaning.

1) prediction

Today's match will start in half an hour.

2) willingness

Will you bring me a cup of tea?

3) intention

I will tell you as I get something.

4) insistence

He will interrupt.

( The contracted form is  'll )

 

would

It shows the following meaning.

1) willingness

Would you please help me ? 

2) insistence

You would read the book again.

3) past habit / past activity

I would play cricket for hours in my childhood.

( 'd is contracted form of would. Hint 'd + V1  ) ( 'd + V3  it's had ) 

✍️Find out more examples while reading and try to understand the use.✍️

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Modal auxiliary - can, could

         💛can / could💛

Modal auxiliaries add meanings to the main verbs. Can / could adds the ability, possibility and permission to the meanings of the main verb which follows it. Let's see with the help of some examples.

Can 

💁1) ability   

I can speak English. 

( The subject of the sentence is able to speak English.)

💁2) possibility.  

He can come tomorrow.

( It is possible for him to come tomorrow.) 

💁 3) permission  

Can I use your mobile?

( The subject of the sentence is asking for the permission of using the mobile.)

 Could   

💁 1)Past ability  

He tried hard but couldn't succeed.

( This sentence shows general ability in past)

💁  2) Possibility 

We could go to the picnic. 

( It is a fact that it is possible for us to go to the picnic)

💁  3) permission  

Could I borrow your pen?

Could I sit here?

( Could shows more politeness here)

(The past tense form is more tentative in meaning than present form.)

🌺Find out more examples while reading and try to understand the use of can / could as a modal auxiliary🌺

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Auxiliaries or Helping Verbs

 ✍️Auxiliary verbs / Helping Verbs✍️

Introduction

An auxiliary verb is a verb that adds functional or grammatical meaning to the clause in which it appears, so as to express tense, aspect, modality, voice, emphasis, etc. It is said to help the main verb.

We can make the two parts of auxiliary verbs.

1). Primary auxiliaries.

2). Modal auxiliaries.

💁1). Primary auxiliaries .

Primary auxiliaries help to form verb phrases with regard to aspect. 

They have concord with the subject.(e.g. I have , He has. etc....)

They can follow the modals. (She could have gone.). 

They can be used as main verbs as well. e.g. -  I have a blue school bag.

 Forms of            Aspects

        ↓                          ↓

A) To be   + Ving. / V3 (progressive/ passive)

B) To have + V3  ( perfective)

C) To do    +   V1 .

For example :-

A) . She is going to school.(going - progressive aspect)

       A letter is written by me.(written - passive)

B). I have written a letter. (written - perfective aspect)

C). She does not go to school. etc.

💁2). Modal auxiliaries.

Modal auxiliaries are followed by the base form of the main verb. 

It modifies the meaning of the main verb of the clause. 

They do not require subject agreement. ( I can, She can ) 

They have no _s/es , _ing or _en forms. 

They can not be used as main verbs. e.g. - I can a school bag. The sentence is syntactically correct  but have no sense. It is semantically wrong. 

Modal auxiliaries + V1

The modal auxiliary becomes the part of main verb phrases to express meanings such as ability, possibility, permission obligation, compulsion, certainty, probability, necessity and so on. They add meanings to the main verbs.

For example:-

I can speak English.  (Ability)

He may be right. (Possibility)

May I ask who I am speaking to?  Can I borrow your pen? (Permission)

You must listen to others. (Obligation)

He must exercise. (Necessity)

Would you lend me some money? (More polite request)

etc...

So in this unit I have tried to state the difference between primary auxiliaries and modal auxiliaries. try to focus on primary and modal auxiliaries while reading the texts. And find out the meanings of modal auxiliaries from other sources while reading.

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